The rising prevalence of early detection of cognitive function of the participants with DM with less time will provide directions to the health-care professionals for the effective management of DM and cognitive impairment. CDT can help in the early diagnosis of such illnesses. Screening for subtle cognitive dysfunction is important when complicated treatment regimens are used. Patients with diabetes need to be evaluated for barriers to safe and effective diabetes control. There is a study which shows higher sensitivity and low specificity of CDT in patients with Alzheimer's dementia and mild cognitive impairment. The CDT is a simple validated measure of cognitive functions and found to be effective in DM as well. Older adult patients with DM have been found to have cognitive impairment (9.6%) that can be attributed to their disease. In a current study, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) alone is found to be 7.5%. A national survey of diabetes conducted in six major cities in India in 2000 has shown that the prevalence of diabetes in urban Indian adults 12.1% and8.3% in other study, and a recent study reported 16.9% prevalence of diabetes in elderlies aged 60 years and above in a community-based study. There is strong evidence that Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of dementia in the form of multi-infarct dementia, Alzheimer 's disease, and mixed type of dementia. A review of 16 different CDT methods reported variations in the instructions such as time setting, copying, and time reading commands, as well as the use of predrawn circle. Very few validation studies are found in the Asian population. There are several scoring systems that exist for the CDT each differing slightly and reporting varying levels of sensitivity and specificity. It is often used in combination with other, more thorough screening tests, but even when used by itself, it can provide helpful insight into a person's cognitive ability. The CDT is a simple tool that is used to screen people for the signs of neurological problems, such as Alzheimer's and other dementias. CDT quickly assesses the visuospatial and praxis abilities and may determine the presence of both attention and executive dysfunctions but has some limitations also related with education and screening mild cognitive impairment. The clock-drawing test (CDT) is used for screening for cognitive impairment and dementia and as a measure of spatial dysfunction and neglect. Usefulness of CDT to screen Indian older adults for cognitive impairment is debatable. Conclusion:ĬDT had screening bias to Indian older adults as a higher number of literates (almost double) and illiterates (four times) were found to be cognitively impaired compared to on HCST. CDT has a high level of sensitivity (0.71) and low specificity (0.23) when compared with HCST. Significantly higher illiterates ( P < 0.05) were found to be significantly more cognitively impaired on HCST. Results:Ībout 71.05% participants in control and 81.25% in the case group have cognitive impairment on CDT. Data were analyzed using percentages, t-test, the Chi-square test, sensitivity, and specificity. The participants were categorized into two groups: (1) case: participants with DM only and (2) control: participants without discernible abnormality of physical illness and GHQ negative. Biochemical investigations were carried out, and blood glucose level (fasting ≤100 mg/dl and postprandial ≤140 mg/dl) was considered for having diabetes mellitus (DM). ![]() Semistructured sociodemographic details and medical history pro forma, socioeconomic status scale, General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), CDT, and Hindi cognitive screening test (HCST) were administered. ![]() Participants, who gave written informed consent, residing permanently in the area of Chowk, Lucknow, constituted the study sample. Sample comprised seventy participants (38 controls and 32 cases) aged 60 years and above included according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria in a consecutive series. The aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of CDT for Indian older adult based on a part of an ICMR-funded research project, New Delhi, India. Clock-drawing test (CDT) is a simple, quick, and bedside cognitive screening test which measures different cognitive domains but has some limitations.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |